(1995-2021) Anthropology Optional Previous Year Question Papers (Topic-wise) Paper 1
PAPER – I Questions (2011-21) copy
PAPER – I
Social Cultural Anthropology
Basic Anthropology
1.1 Meaning, scope and development of Anthropology.
Critically examine the role of Anthropology in contemporary India (15) 2014
Define Anthropology. Describe major branches of Anthropology elaborating on any one of its branch (20) 2017
3.The relevance of anthropology (10) 2018
4.Elaborate the scope of anthropology and elucidate its uniqueness in the field of other social sciences. (20) 2021
1.2 Relationships with other disciplines: Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities.
How do you situate Anthropology in Social Sciences. (10) 2013
Differentiate between Economics and Economic Anthropology (10) 2013
Difference between Social Anthropology and Sociology (10) 2016
1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance:
Social- cultural Anthropology.
Biological Anthropology.
Archaeological Anthropology.
Linguistic Anthropology.
Linguistic Anthropology (10) 2013
Major Sub-divisions of Anthropology (10) 2014
Archaeological Anthropology (10) 2015
4.Give an account of field methods used in the study of archaelogical anthropology. (15) 2018
5.The relationship between linguistics and social-cultural anthropology (10) 2019
6.How can synergising the core branches of anthropology reinvigorate the holistic spirit of the discipline? (20) 2020
7.”The bio-cultural approach is the hallmark of biological anthropology”. Explain (10) 2021
Sociology Basics: Society and Culture
2.1 The Nature of Culture: The concept and characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrism vis cultural Relativism.
Why the concept of Cultural Relativism been so dear to Anthropologists? (20) 2013
Bring out the distinguishing features between culture and civilization (15) 2013
Is culture unique to human beings? Critically examine (15)2014
Cultural Relativism (10) 2016
Discuss the development of concept of culture in Anthropology (20) 2017
6.Cultural Relativism (10) 2019
7.Human rights and Cultural Relativism (10) 2020
2.[1] The Nature of Society: Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Institutions; Social groups; and Social stratification.
What are the bases of social stratification? Discuss with examples (20) 2012
Explain the concept of ‘Status’ and ‘Role’ in Anthropology (20) 2012
Define Status and Role. Distinguish between Ascribed Status and Achieved Status. (15) 2014
Society and Culture (10) 2015
5.Discuss Social stratification according to any three major approaches. (20) 2019
6.Discuss Erving Goffman’s concept of total institutions and its relevance in contemporary society. (15)2020
7.Critically evaluate different types of social stratifications with suitable examples. (20) 2021 Institutions
Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bride wealth and dowry).
Ways of acquiring a spouse in simple societies (12) 2012
Where do you situate ‘live-in relationship’ in the institution of marriage? (15) 2013
Define marriage and describe various types of marriage in human societies (15) 2014
Incest Taboo (10) 2015
Discuss the different forms of preferential marriage with suitable examples from tribal societies in India (15) 2017
6.Ways of acquiring mate in tribal societies. (10)2018
7.Explain the impact of feminist movement on universality of marriage and family structure. (20) 2020
8.How do marriage rules impact the gene pool of populations? (15)2020
9.Marriage regulations and alliance theory (10) 2021
2.4 Family: Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups; functions of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, blood relation, marriage, residence and succession); Impact of urbanization, industrialization and feminist movements on family.
Is Family a social institution? (12) 2012
Discuss the impact of feminist movement and urbanization on family. (20) 2013
Define Family and critically examine the universality of family (15) 2015
Discuss the impact of urbanization and feminist movements on family in India (20) 2016
2.5 Kinship: Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, Bilateral, Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory); Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation; Descent and Alliance.
Describe the types of kinship groups formed on the basis of different principles (20) 2012
Various types of Descent (10) 2013
Double Descent (10) 2014
Lineage and Clan (10) 2016
Describe the cardinal points of Descent and Alliance theories (20) 2016
Bilinealand Bilateral Descent (10) 2017
Elucidate the determinants of Kinship terminologies (15) 2017
8.Kinship Terminology (10) 2018
9.Marriage regulations and alliance theory (10)2021
10.Descent groups (10) 2021
3. Economic organization: Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing production, distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in communities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic systems.
Critically examine the debate between Formalists and Substantivists. (30) 2011
Discuss different modes of exchange in simple societies with suitable examples (30) 2011
Discuss the impact of globalization on tribal economy (20) 2013
Horticulture (10) 2015
Critically examine the Formalists’ and Substantivists’ views on the applicability of economic law in the study of primitive societies (20) 2015
Discuss the principles governing production, distribution and exchange in simple societies (20) 2016
With the help of appropriate examples, explain the various forms of exchange system (15) 2017
8.Write the characteristics of hunting and gathering economy. (15) 2018 9.Pastoralism in India (10) 2019
10.Discuss how indigeneous people encounter globalisation. (15) 2019
11.How is the construct of power linked to conspicuous consumption and its impact on distributive justice ? (15) 2020
12.Critically examine the demographic and epidemiological consequences with rise in food production and sedentism. (15)2020
13.Modes of subsistence (10) 2021
4. Political organization and Social Control: Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts of power, authority and legitimacy; social control, law and justice in simple societies.
Band and Tribal societies (12) 2012
Discuss the nature of Law and Justice in simple societies citing examples (20) 2014
Differentiate between State and Stateless societies (10) 2014
Discuss different social control mechanism in simple societies (15) 2016
Mention the characteristic features of Band with suitable examples (15) 2017
6.How does customary law function in tribal society? Discuss its different sources (15) 2018 7.How is the construct of power linked to conspicuous consumption and its impact on distributive justice ? (15) 2020
8.How do political organisations of simple societies establish power, authority and legitimacy? (20) 2021
5. Religion: Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary, psychological and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies (animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); religion, magic and science distinguished; magico- religious functionaries (priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and witch).
Explain various anthropological approaches to study religion (30) 2011
Distinguish between Religion, Magic and Science (20) 2012
Totemism (10) 2013
How does taboo serve as a means of social control? (15) 2013
5.What is understood by Rites of Passage? Describe the various phases of the ‘Rites of Passage’ and their significance (20) 2014
How do you relate the concepts of ‘Sacred’ and ‘Profane’ in Durkheim’s theory of religion with a focus on the role of totem (15) 2015
Totemism (10) 2016
Critically examine different Anthropological approaches to Religion (15) 2016
Difference between Religion and Magic (10) 2017
Discuss the different traditional forms of religion in tribal societies (20) 2017
11.Difference between science and magic (10) 2018
12.Critically explain the anthropological approaches to religion. (15) 2019
13.Animism and deep ecology (10) 2021
Anthropological Theories
6. Anthropological theories: (a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer) (b) Historical particularism (Boas); Diffusionism (British, German and American) (c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural- functionlism (RadcliffeBrown) (d) Structuralism (L’evi – Strauss and E. Leach) (e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and Cora – du Bois). (f) Neo – evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service) (g) Cultural materialism (Harris) (h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz) (i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin) (j) Post- modernism in anthropology
Cultural Materialism (15) 2011
Critically examine the contributions of Anthropologists in the interpretation of symbols (30) 2011
Post-modernism in Anthropology (12) 2012
In what ways Functionalism is different from Structural Functionalism (20) 2013
Bring out the contribution of Turner and Geertz in symbolic and interpretative theories of
Anthropology (15) 2013
What is functionalism? Discuss the functional approach to understanding of religion (20) 2014
Historical Particularism (10) 2015
How did Morgan explain the evolution of marriage, family and Socio-Political organization, and how did other evolutionist disagree with his explanation (20) 2015
How do diffusionism and evolutionism differ as explanations of cultural change? (15) 2015
Explain the features of ‘Post-Modernism’ in Anthropology (20) 2015
What made Geertz Interpretive Anthropology different from Turner’s Symbolic Anthropology?
What does each of them mean by the terms ‘Symbol’ and Symbolic? (20) 2015
Functionalism (10) 2016
According to Geertz, how does the cock-fight reveal aspects of Balinese Cultures? (15) 2016 14. How do the concept of Binary opposition and exchange figure in Levi Strauss’ structural analysis of kinship? (15) 2016
Basic tenets of structural-functionalism (10) 2017
Explain Ruth Benedict’s patterns of culture (20) 2017
Critically examine the Stewardian view of Neo-evolutionism (15) 2017
18.What do you understand by National Character Study? Illustrate the concept. (15) 2018
19.Gordon Childe’s theory of cultural evolution (10) 2018
20.Cultural Materialism (10) 2019
21.How did Radcliffe Brown and Levi Strauss study kinship in terms of social structure? (15)
2019
22.Examine critically the contributions of Victor Turner and Clifford Geertz in anthropology. (20) 2019
23.Victor Turner & Liminality (10) 2020
24.Discuss various anthropological approaches to study of personality and culture. (20) 2020
25.Historical particularism and Franz Boas (10) 2021
26.Elucidate the concept of “thick description ” of Clifford Geertz with a suitable example. (15)
2021
27.Critically evaluate Lewis Morgan’s classification of family. (15) 2021
28.Explain the structural analysis of kinship as proposed by Levi-strauss
Linguistic Anthropology
7. Culture, language and communication: Nature, origin and characteristics of language; verbal and non-verbal communication; social context of language use.
Explain the difference between emic and etic, and how does the difference derive from the study of language? (10) 2015
Non-verbal communication (10) 2017
3.Critically examine that the structure and content of language are influenced by culture. (15)
2018
4.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (10) 2020
5.Explain how variations in language usage is related to social inequality. (20) 2020
6.Mention the various branches of linguistic anthropology and discuss language use in social and cultural settings. (15) 2021
Research Methods
8. Research methods in anthropology: (a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology (b) Distinction between technique, method and methodology (c) Tools of data collection: observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, Case study, genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods. (d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
Fieldwork Tradition in Anthropology (15) 2011
What are the tools of data collection? Discuss the advantages and limitations of participant observation as a technique of data collection (20) 2012
Discuss the relevance of Case Study method in data collection (20) 2013
Genealogical Method (10) 2014
Fieldwork Tradition in Anthropology (10) 2014
Describe the evolution of Fieldwork in Anthropology (15) 2016
Questionnaire (10) 2017
Elucidate the basic characteristics of Anthropological fieldwork methods (15) 2017
9.Define ethnography and present a brief history of ethnographic studies. (20) 2018
10.How is case study method helpful in understanding a social phenomena? Explain with suitable example. (20) 2018
1[2].Evaluate participant observation in producing anthropological knowledge (15) 2019
1[3].Discuss phenomenology as a research method in anthropological studies. (15) 2019
1[5].How have interpretation and presentation of data changed from classical to contemporary writings in anthropological texts? (15)2020
1[6][7][8][9][10].Discuss various tools of data collection in conducting anthropological research. (20) 2021
Physical Anthropology
Evolution
1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man:
Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.
Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre- Darwinian, Darwinian and PostDarwinian).
Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution).
10.Implications of mutation in evolution. (10) 2019
1[11].Elucidate how Darwin and post-Darwin theories of evolution resulted in the development of synthetic theory of evolution. (15) 2020
12.Explain the genetic mechanisms of micro and macro evolution. (15) 2021
Primates
1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Primate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; Primate Behaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates; Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect posture and its implications.
‘Man is a primate’. Discuss (30) 2011
Compare and contrast the skull of Gorilla and Man (20) 2012
Role of Primatology in Anthropological studies (10) 2013
Elucidate the skeletal differences between human and chimpanzees (15) 2014
Explain the skeletal changes due to erect posture and their implications (15) 2016
Bring out the comparative anatomical features of man and apes. Discuss their evolutionary significance (15) 2017
7.Discuss the evolutionary significance of bipedalism and erect posture. (20) 2019
8.Jane Goodall’s contribution in studying primate behaviour (10) 2020
9.Illustrate with examples the various types of locomotion patterns among the non human primates (15) 2020
10.The losses and gains of erect posture. (10) 2021
Fossils
1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the following:
Plio-pleistocene hominids in South and East Africa – Australopithecines.
Homo erectus: Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus heidelber-gensis), Asia (Homo erectus javanicus, Homo erectus pekinensis).
7.Describe the culture related to homo erectus. (15) 2018
8.Olduvai Gorge (10) 2019
9.”Europeans are closer to Neanderthals”. Critically discuss in view of the African origin of humankind. (15) 2019
10.Critically evaluate the contesting theories of the emergence and dispersal of modern Homo
Sapiens. (20) 2020
11.What are the physical and cultural characteristics of Homo Erectus? Discuss its phylogenetic status (20) 2021
1.7 The biological basis of life: The Cell, DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division.
Archeology
1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology: Relative and Absolute Dating methods.
(b) Cultural Evolution- Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures: (i) Paleolithic (ii) Mesolithic (iii)
Neolithic (iv) Chalcolithic (v) Copper-Bronze Age (vi) Iron Age
Relative Dating Methods (12) 2012
Discuss the typology and distribution of Upper Palaeolithic Cultures in India (20) 2012
Carbon 14 method of Dating (10) 2013
Give a broad outline of Paleolithic culture emphasizing upon its tool technology (20) 2013
Describe the absolute dating methods in archeology, highlighting the importance of each method (15)2014
Describe the neolithic culture in India (15) 2014
Palaeolithic Culture (10) 2015
Neolithic Cultures of India (10) 2016
Delineate the salient features of Chalcolithic cultures (15) 2016
Salient features of Mesolithic Culture (10) 2017
What are dating methods? Discuss one absolute method and one relative method in detail.
(15) 2017
12.Town planning of Harappan culture. (10) 2018
13.Give an account of the consequences of food production of neolithic culture. (15) 2018
14.Explain the impact of discovery of iron technology on contemporary society. (15) 2018
15.Describe the principles of radio-carbon dating. Mention its limitations. (15) 2018
16.Relative dating methods (10) 2019
17.Elucidate mesolithic culture and associated rock art with examples from India. (15) 2019
18.Discuss briefly the major traditions in the Upper paleolithic culture of Europe. (15) 2019
1[12].Discuss with examples the megalithic culture of India in the archaelogical context. (20) 2019
20.Natufian culture (10) 2020
21.Differentiate between lower paleolithic culture and middle paleolithic culture with suitable examples. (15) 2020
22.Thermoluminescence dating (10) 2021
23.Describe the features of early farming cultures and neolithic of the Near East. (15) 2021
24. Discuss the salient features of different traditions of European Mesolithic (15) 2021
Genetics
9.1 Human Genetics : Methods and Application: Methods for study of genetic principles in manfamily study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology and recombinant technologies.
Twin Methods in Human Genetics (10) 2013
What do you understand by Immunogenetics? Explain with suitable examples (15) 2015
Briefly discuss the various methods used in the genetic study of man (20) 2017
Discuss monogenic and polygenic inheritance in man, citing suitable examples (30) 2011
What are lethal and sub-lethal genes? Explain (20) 2012
Critically discuss the Mendelian principles and their applications to human population (15) 2016
4.Categorise genes that impact human survival (10) 2018
9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, HardyWeinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency – mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineous and non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages.
Genetic Polymorphism (15) 2011
Conditions necessary for the operation of Hardy-Weinberg Law (15) 2011
What are the genetic effects of consanguinity? Give Examples (20) 2012
What do you understand by ‘Genetic Load’ in a population? How is it measured and what are the important factors that can influence it? (15) 2013
Discuss the factors affecting Gene frequencies among human populations. (20) 2014
Define Genetic Polymorphism. Give details of its types with suitable examples (15) 2015
Hardy-Weinberg Law (10) 2017
8.Explain the mechanisms of human variation in gene frequencies. (20) 2018
9.Differentiate between transient and balanced genetic polymorphism. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from human populations. (15) 2019
10.Genetic drift (10) 2020
1[13].How does marriage rules impact the gene pool of populations ? (15) 2020
9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology. (a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders). (b) Sex chromosomal aberrations – Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super female (XXX), intersex and other syndromic disorders. (c) Autosomal aberrations – Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-duchat syndromes. (d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNA profiling, gene mapping and genome study.
Genetic Counseling (12) 2012
Describe Turner and Klinefelter Syndrome in humans (15) 2014
Genetic Counseling (10) 2014
Down Syndrome (10) 2015
Discuss Chromosomal aberrations in man illustrating with examples (15) 2015
Explain the significance of screening and counseling for genetic disorders (15) 2016
8.Describe the mechanisms for structural anomalies of autosomes with diagrams. (20) 2018
9.How many numerical aberrations in sex chromosomes lead to genetic disorder ? (15) 2020
10.What are the applications of human genomic research in human welfare ? (15) 2020
1[14].Chromosomal aberrations can play havoc with human body and mind. Explain with suitable examples. (15) 2021
Race
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and metric characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation and race crossing in man.
Discuss Race Crossing in humans with suitable examples (20) 2012
Differentiate between Race and Racism. What are three major races of the world? Give important biological criteria used frequently for such a classification (15) 2013
Explain the role of heredity and environment in the formation of races (15) 2016
Concept of Race (10) 2017
5.Race is a myth. Justify its present day relevance (10) 2018
6.With reference to the somatoscopic and morphometric characteristics commonly used for racial classification, make critical comments as to whether race is a valid concept. (20) 2019
7.Racism and eugenics. (10) 2020
8.Is race a valid and biologically meaningful concept. (10) 2021
Genetic Markers and Physiology
9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups, HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristicsHb level, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions in different cultural and socio-economic groups.
Give a comparative account of variations in hemoglobin level and respiratory functions among the populations living under different environmental stresses 30 2012
What are genetic markers and what is their usefulness? Why are blood groups considered as good genetic markers? Illustrate with examples 15 2013
Rh-Blood Group 10 2016
Ecology
9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology. Bio-cultural Adaptations – Genetic and Non- genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate.
Native highlanders are well adapted to the high altitude environment. Discuss (30) 2011
How does improved aerobic fitness increase exercise tolerance in warm humid climates? Give suitable examples in support of your answer. (20) 2012
Elaborate upon major human adaptations to heat and cold (15) 2013
Ecological Anthropology (10) 2014
What are stresses at high altitudes? How do better cardio-respiratory functions help the native highlanders in combating low environmental pressure? (15) 2014
Critically examine the physiological responses and acclimatization to cold climate in Man (15) 2015
Discuss the genetic and non-genetic factors in the bio-cultural adaptations of human beings to different environments (20) 2016
Discuss the responses and acclimatization to high altitude stresses (15) 2017
9.Do Allen’s and Bergmann’s rules hold true for human populations? Explain with examples. (15) 2018
10.Distinguish between adaptation, adaptibility and acclimatization with examples. (20) 2018 11.”Human adaptations are always bio-cultural in nature”. Discuss with reference to human adaptation to high-altitude climate. (15) 2019
12.Describe the bio-cultural responses to extreme climatic events. (15) 2020
13.What is acclimatization? Discuss adaptive responses to high altitude and cold climates. (20) 2021 Disease
9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health and disease. Infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Nutritional deficiency related diseases.
Epidemiological Anthropology (12) 2012
Briefly discuss the important causes for the variations in occurrences and intensity of parasitic diseases among different population. (20) 2012
What is meant by Epidemiological transition? Elaborate upon its causes and consequences highlighting major health problems of our adult population today (15) 2013
Discuss the role of anthropology in understanding health and disease. What specific understanding is available with respect to infectious and non-infectious disease (20) 2014
Epidemiological Anthropology (10)2014
Describe the scope of Epidemiological Anthropology in the study of infectious and non-infectious diseases (20) 2016
7.Narrate evolution of diseases and major causes of ill health in human populations. (15) 2018 8.Critically examine the demographic and epidemiological consequences with rise in food production and sedentism. (15)2020
9.Describe the impact of infectious diseases on indigeneous populations. (15) 2020
Growth
10. Concept of human growth and development: stages of growth – pre-natal, natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence. – Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemical, nutritional, cultural and socio-economic. – Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations – biological and chronological longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies.
Describe different methods of studying human growth (30) 2011
Define somatotype. Describe the salient features of different components of somatotypes (30) 2011
Explain any two biological theories of ageing based on purposeful events (20) 2012
Differentiate between child growth and development (10) 2013
Ageing and Senescence (10) 2013
Justify ‘Though human growth is under tight genetic control but it is influenced by various environmental factors’ (15) 2013
Cross-sectional methods of studying human growth (10) 2014
What are the different stages of growth? Describe any one of them in detail (20) 2014
Discuss Ageing and Senescence. Describe either the biological and social theories of Ageing (20) 2014
Longitudinal method of studying growth (10) 2015
1[15]. What is an anthropometric somatotype? Describe Heath and Carter’s method of somatotyping (20) 2015
Discuss different factors affecting Growth and Development in Human beings (20) 2016
Describe the various methods of studying growth highlighting their merits and demerits (15) 2017
Discuss Sheldon’s method of somatotyping (15)2017
15.Issues of elderly and senescence in developing and developed countries. (10) 2018
16.Genetico-environmental factors affecting human growth. (10) 2019
17.Discuss the methods of studying human growth with their merits and demerits. (15) 2019
18.Senescence (10) 2020
19.Secular trend in human growth can be positive, negative or neutral. Illustrate with examples.
(20)2020
20.Human adolescent growth spurt. (10) 2021
21.Discuss the physiological and evolutionary theories of ageing (15) 2021
Demography
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility patterns and differentials.
Discuss the relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility (15) 2014
Menopause and its impact (10) 2015
Age at Menarche (10) 2017
11.2 Demographic theories- biological, social and cultural.
1. Demographic Transition (10) 2013
Fertility and Fecundity (10) 2014
Fertility and Fecundity (10) 2016
Describe the biological and socio-ecological factors affecting fertility and mortality (15) 2017
4.Define fecundity and explain major factors affecting fecundity in Indian population. (15) 2018 5.Discuss the bio-cultural factors affecting fertility in light of the relationship between fecundity and fertility. (15) 2019
6.Discuss the bio-social determinants of fertility and fecundity (15) 2021
Applied Physical
12. Applications of Anthropology: Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments, Forensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics – Paternity diagnosis, genetic counseling and eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive biology
Discuss the application of anthropological knowledge in designing equipments (30) 2011
Personal identification (15) 2011
Explain the application of anthropological knowledge in genetic counseling, forensic science, sports and nutrition (30) 2011
Applications of anthropology in designing (12) 2012
Discuss the role of ABO blood group system in resolving the cases of paternity disputes (20) 2012
Genetic Counselling (12) 2012
Discuss briefly the applications of the knowledge of human osteology in forensic investigation (20) 2012
Genetic Counselling (10) 2014
DNA Technology in Medicine (10) 2015
Elucidate the role of Anthropology in selection and monitoring of sports persons (15) 2015
Forensic Science can be helpful in criminal investigations. Discuss (20) 2015
Forensic Anthropology (10) 2016
Describe the role of Anthropology in designing defense and other equipments (15) 2016
What are the methods of personal identification? Critically examine how personal identification helps in criminal investigations (20) 2017
Anthropology and designing of equipments (10) 2017
17.Anthropological inputs in facial reconstruction (10) 2019
18.”Applied human genetics has come to touch every sphere of human life.” Discuss in light of recent advances in molecular anthropology. (15) 2019
19.Ethics and genetic engineering. (10) 2020
20.How are the cases of disputed paternity solved? Discuss the recent techniques. (15) 2021 21.What is anthropometry? Discuss its role in assessing the nutritional status and sports capability of a person. (15) 2021
.3 Marriage: Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Types of marriage (monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage). ↑
20.Explain the contributions of tribal cultures to Indian civilization. (20) 2018
2[1].Examine the regional variations of mesolithic culture of India. (20) 2018
2[2].Describe the paleolithic culture with special reference to Soanian tradition. Indicate the problems of describing the Indian paleolithic. (20) 2019
2[3].What kind of society maybe reconstructed from the archaeological evidences of Harappan culture? (20) 2019
2[4].Distribution of Neolithic sites in India. (10) 2019
2[5].Contribution of Robert Bruce Foot to Indian Archaeology. (10) 2020
2[6].Discuss the contribution of V N Misra to archaeological anthropology in India. (15) 2020
2[7].Discuss the characteristic features of Neolithic culture in India. (15)2020
28.Harappan seals (10) 2021
29.Critically discuss the origin of Indus valley civilization. Mention the evidences of its endogenous origin from Pre-Harappan sites. (20) 2021
30.Give the distribution and characteristics feature of upper paleolithic culture in India (15) 2021
1.2 Palaeo – Anthropological Evidences from India with special reference to Shiwaliks and Narmada
Basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man)
8.Phylogenetic position and morphological features of Ramapithecus. (10) 2019
9.Narmada man (10) 2020
10.Discuss the morphological features and phylogenetic position of Ramapithecus (15) 2021
1.3 Ethno-archaeology in India The concept of Ethno-archaeology
Survivals and Parallels among the hunting, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and crafts producing communities
Ethno-archaeology (10) 2017
Discuss the relevance of art and craft traditions in the understanding of
Indian Archeology (15)2017
3.Ethno-archaeological evidences for the survivals of hunting gathering tradition in India (10) 2016
4. Discuss the importance of ethno-archaeological approach to the study of Indigenous crafts in India (15) 2014
5.Ethnoarchaeology as a research strategy. (10)2018
6.Ethno-archaeological analysis of hunting activities of contemporary tribal communities. (10)
2019
7.Discuss the importance of ethno-archaeology in reconstructing the past citing Indian examples. (15) 2020
2. Demographic Profile of India
Ethnic and Linguistic elements in the India population and their distribution
Indian population – factors influencing its structure and growth
Austro-Asiatic Lingustic Groups in India (10) 2017
Give your assessment of the reasons for the imbalance of the sex-ratio in India (20) 2017
Linguistic elements in Indian population (10)2016
Give a critical assessment of ‘Negrito Problem’ in India (15) 2016
Briefly describe the classical models of ethnic and linguistic classification of Indian population.
Discuss its relevance today. (15) 2015
Major Linguistic Divisions of India (10) 2014
Contribution of HH Risley to the Aryan Debate (10) 2014
Outline the distribution of Dravidian Languages in India and describe their cultural significance (15) 2014
Describe the linguistic elements in Indian population (15) 2011
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9.What are the various factors influencing population growth in India? (15) 2018
10.Distribution of Tibeto-Burman group of languages in India. (10) 2019
11.Debates on Aryan invasion. (10) 2020
12.Dravidian languages (10) 2020
13.Delineate the factors influencing fertility in India population. (15) 2021
3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system – 1) Varnashram, 2) Purushartha,
3) Karma, 4) Rina and 5) Rebirth
Varnashram and Concept of Rina (10) 2017
Philosophy behind Purushartha (15) 2011
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3.Philosophy behind purushartha (10) 2018
4.Use of doctrine of karma and rebirth in justifying the varna system (10) 2019
5.Purushartha and righteous living today (10) 2021
3.2 Caste System in India – Structure and characteristics
Varna and Caste
Theories of Origin of Caste System
Dominant Caste
Caste
Mobility
Future of Caste System
Jajmani System
Tribe-Caste Continuum
Discuss the impact of market economy on the Jajmani System (20) 2017
Relevance of Caste in contemporary Indian Politics (10) 2016
Examine the structural and cultural theories of caste system in India (20) 2016
How is the process of Tribe-Caste-Continuum different from Sanskritisation? Comment (15) 2016 5. How do you understand the dynamics of Caste mobility? How did the concept of Sanskritisation contribute to its functionality? (20) 2015
Critically examine the concept of Tribe-Caste-Continuum and its relevance in contemporary India (15) 2015
Tribe-Caste-Continuum (10) 2014
Do you think caste persists in contemporary India. Critically Discuss (15) 2014
Define the concept of ‘Dominant Caste’ and examine its relevance in the contemporary Indian village with suitable examples. (20) 2014
Discuss how Louis Dumont explained caste system. (10) 2013
1[8]. What is Jajmani system? Examine the views on Jajmani system as an egalitarian as well as exploitative system. Give reasons for its decline (25) 2013
1[9]. Examine the criticism on the concept of Dominant Caste (15) 2013
1[10]. Discuss the relevance of Dominant Caste in the context of contemporary Indian society (15) 2011
1[11]. Critically examine the theories of Origin of Caste (30) 2011
9.The impact of Panchayati Raj institutions in rural areas. (10) 2018
10.Modernization (10) 2018
11.Discuss the impact of media on the social life of Indian villages. (15) 2019
12.Panchayati Raj as a facilitator of social inclusion in rural society. (10) 2019
13.Discuss how the elements of Little and Great traditions combine in the emergence of social/ political/ religious movements, giving any one example to illustrate the issue. (15) 2019
14.Concept of Sanskritization. (10) 2020
15.Khap panchayat (10) 2020
1[26].Discuss the role of Panchayati Raj institutions in transforming the traditional power heirarchy in rural India. (15) 2021
17.Ethnic media and social awareness. (10) 2021
Tribal India
Linguistic and socio-economic characteristics of tribal populations and their distributions
Discuss how the cultural diversity of Indian tribes have enriched its plural traditions (15) 2016
Bio-genetic variability of Indian tribes (10) 2016
Bio-genetic variations of Indian Tribe (10) 2014
Threat to tribal languages in India (10)2013
Linguistic Classification of Indian tribes (10) 2013
Discuss the linkages between language, territoriality and kinship among the tribes of NE India (30) 2012
7.Youth Dormitory (12)2012
Discuss the distinctive features of Tribes in NE India (30) 2011
Tribes in India are not homogeneous group. Discuss (30) 2011
9.Discuss the significance and implementation of ‘Recognition of Forest Rights Act, 2006’ (15)2018 10.What has been the impact of development projects on the environment and livelihood of forestdwelling tribes? (15)2019
1[30].Explain the impact of development induced displacement among the tribal people in India with suitable examples. (20)2020
1[31].Urbanisation and tribal institutions (10) 2021
1[32].Discuss the impact of Forest Rights Act, 2006 on the culture and livelihood of tribal people in India. (20) 2021
1[33][34].Discuss the problems involved in rehabilitation and resettlement of tribals displaced due to development projects in India. (15) 2021
Contemporary Indian Society
Socio-Economic marginalisation of Tribal people (10) 2014
Critically examine the constitutional provisions for safeguarding the interests of STs in India (20) 2014
Discuss the social disabilities suffered by Scheduled Castes (15) 2013
1[40].What has been the contribution of tribal people to Indian independence movement ? (15) 2019 1[41].Discuss with appropriate examples how tribal unrest may be understood as emerging out of an incompatibility between tribes and nation-state. (20) 2019
1[43].Discuss the regionalism and demand for autonomy in India from anthropological perspective with respect to Kashmir/ Nagaland/ Bodoland/ Gorkhaland agitation (20) 2020
1[44].Identify the causes of tribal unrest with special reference to North-East India. (15) 2021
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions on Tribal Societies
9.Explain the impact of Hinduism on the tribal people of India . (15) 2020
10.Critically assess the impact of Christianity on tribal culture and identity. (15) 2021
8.2 Tribe and nation state – a comparative study of tribes in India and other countries
Critically evaluate the term ‘Tribe’ (as used in India) compared to the term ‘indigenous’ in some other countries (20) 2017
Critically compare ‘Affirmative Action’ of USA and ‘Protective Discrimination’ for STs in India (15) 2015
Discuss the concept of ‘indigenous people’ as per the relevant UN convention. Are tribals of India indigenous people? Comment (20) 2012
