Table of Contents
- 1 🏛️ President of India — Key Facts
- 2 👤 Qualifications
- 3 🗳️ Election Process
- 4 ⏳ Term & Conditions
- 5 🔁 Vacancy & Acting President
- 6 ⚖️ Impeachment
- 7 🏛️ Executive Powers
- 8 📜 Legislative Powers
- 9 💰 Financial Powers
- 10 ⚖️ Judicial Powers
- 11 🌍 Emergency Powers
- 12 🇮🇳 Miscellaneous Powers
- 13 🔗 Position of the President
🏛️ President of India — Key Facts
Point | Details |
|---|---|
Article | 52–78 (Part V) |
Type of Head | Nominal / Constitutional Head |
Executive Power | Vested in the President |
Relation with Council of Ministers | Acts on aid & advice (42nd & 44th Amendments) |
Style of Office | Parliamentary form — de facto power: PM, de jure: President |
👤 Qualifications
Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
Citizenship | Must be a citizen of India |
Age | Minimum 35 years |
Eligibility | Qualified for Lok Sabha |
Office of Profit | Must not hold any office of profit |
Nomination Support | 50 proposers + 50 seconders |
🗳️ Election Process
Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
Method | Indirect election |
Electoral College | Elected MPs + Elected MLAs |
Excluded | Nominated MPs/MLAs + MLCs |
System Used | Proportional Representation (Single Transferable Vote) |
Voting | Secret ballot |
Value of MLA Vote | Based on State population |
Value of MP Vote | Total MLA votes ÷ Total elected MPs |
⏳ Term & Conditions
Feature | Details |
|---|---|
Tenure | 5 years |
Re-election | Allowed any number of times |
Resignation | To Vice-President |
Oath | By Chief Justice of India |
Salary | Determined by Parliament |
Immunity | Not answerable for official acts |
🔁 Vacancy & Acting President
Situation | Who Acts |
|---|---|
President absent/death/resigns/removed | Vice-President acts |
VP vacancy too | Chief Justice acts |
Election for new President | Within 6 months |
Term of new President | Full 5-year term |
⚖️ Impeachment
Feature | Details |
|---|---|
Ground | Violation of the Constitution |
Initiation | Either House |
Requirement | Special majority |
Role of both Houses | Both participate |
Nature | Quasi-judicial |
🏛️ Executive Powers
Area | Power |
|---|---|
Administration | All executive actions in President’s name |
Appointment | PM, Ministers, Governors, Judges, AGI, CAG, UPSC, EC, etc. |
Diplomacy | Ambassadors, Treaties (done by Govt, in his name) |
Military | Supreme Commander of Defence Forces |
📜 Legislative Powers
Feature | Details |
|---|---|
Role in Parliament | Summons, prorogues, dissolves Lok Sabha |
Joint Sitting | Can summon joint sitting |
Address | Special Address at first session each year |
Assent to Bills | Can assent / withhold / return (except Money Bills) |
Ordinance | Can issue when Parliament not in session |
💰 Financial Powers
Area | Power |
|---|---|
Money Bills | Introduced only with President’s recommendation |
Budget | Laid before Parliament in his name |
Contingency Fund | President controls advances |
Finance Commission | Constitutes every 5 years |
⚖️ Judicial Powers
Power | Details |
|---|---|
Pardoning | Pardon, reprieve, respite, remission, commute |
Scope | Court-martial & Capital punishment |
Advice of Council | Binding (as per SC) |
🌍 Emergency Powers
Type | Articles | Details |
|---|---|---|
National Emergency | 352 | On security threat |
President’s Rule | 356 | State failure |
Financial Emergency | 360 | Financial instability |
🇮🇳 Miscellaneous Powers
Area | Power |
|---|---|
Reports | Receives reports like CAG, UPSC etc. |
Schedule Areas | Declares schedule/tribal areas |
UT Administration | Key role |
🔗 Position of the President
Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
Head of State | Yes |
Real Executive | No |
Works on | Aid & advice of Council of Ministers |
Exceptional Discretion | Very limited |
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